Mechanical Design: Clamping Techniques Explained
When designing equipment, it’s important to properly position and clamp the parts to ensure their accuracy and stability. This provides stable conditions for the next operation. Let’s explore several clamping and releasing mechanisms for workpieces.
To effectively clamp a workpiece, we need to analyze its characteristics. We should consider whether the workpiece is soft or hard, whether the material is plastic, metal, or other materials, whether it requires anti-static measures, whether it can withstand strong pressure when clamped, and how much force it can withstand. We also need to consider what type of material to use for clamping.
1. Clamping and releasing mechanism of the workpiece
Principle:
(1) Automatic mechanism of the cylinder. The push rod installed on the cylinder presses the hinge slider to release the workpiece.
(2) Clamping is done by a tension spring installed on the workpiece fixture.
1. Put the material in the contour positioning block for alignment.
2. The sliding cylinder moves back, and the clamping block secures the material with the help of the tension spring.
3. The rotating platform turns, and the aligned material is moved to the next station for cnc manufacturing process or installation.
4. The sliding cylinder extends, and the cam follower pushes the lower part of the positioning block. The positioning block rotates on the hinge and opens, allowing for the placement of more material.
“This diagram is intended only as a reference and provides a conceptual framework. If a specific design is needed, it should be tailored to the particular circumstances.
To enhance production efficiency, multiple stations are typically utilized for processing and assembly. For instance, the diagram depicts four stations. Loading, processing, and assembly operations do not impact one another; in other words, loading does not affect processing and assembly. Simultaneous assembly is carried out between stations 1, 2, and 3 without impacting each other. This type of design significantly enhances efficiency.”
2. Inner diameter clamping and releasing mechanism based on connecting rod structure
(1) The inner diameter of the machined components with a rough guide shape is clamped by spring force.
(2) The connecting rod mechanism in the clamped state is pushed by the push rod set outside to release.
1. When the cylinder extends, it pushes the movable block 1 to the left. The connecting rod mechanism causes the movable block 2 to move to the right simultaneously, and the left and right pressure heads move to the middle at the same time.
2. Place the material into the positioning block and secure it. When the cylinder retracts, the left and right pressure heads move to both sides due to the force of the spring. The pressure heads then push the material from both sides simultaneously.
“The figure is intended for reference purposes only and is meant to provide a general idea. If a specific design is needed, it should be tailored to the particular situation.
The force exerted by the pressure head is directly proportional to the compression of the spring. To adjust the force of the pressure head and prevent material from being crushed, either replace the spring or modify the compression.”
3. Rolling bearing clamping mechanism
Clamped by spring force and released by the external plunger.
1. When force is applied to the push block, it moves downward and pushes the two bearings in the push block slot. This action causes the bearing fixing block to rotate clockwise along the rotation axis, which in turn drives the left and right chucks to open to both sides.
2. Once the force applied to the push block is released, the spring pushes the push block upward. As the push block moves upward, it drives the bearings in the push block slot, causing the bearing fixing block to rotate counterclockwise along the rotation axis. This rotation drives the left and right chucks to clamp the material.
“The figure is intended as a reference and provides a general idea. If a specific design is needed, it should be tailored to the particular situation. The force of the pressure head is directly proportional to the compression of the spring. To adjust the force of the pressure head for pushing the material and preventing crushing, either replace the spring or modify the compression.
The push block in this mechanism can be used for transferring the manipulator, clamping the material, and handling the material.”
4. Mechanism for clamping two workpieces at the same time
When the cylinder extends, the outer clamp, connected by the cylinder and the connecting rod, opens. Simultaneously, the inner clamp, with other fulcrums, is opened by the roller at the front end of the cylinder.
As the cylinder retracts, the roller disengages from the inner clamp, allowing the workpiece β to be clamped by the spring force. Then, the outer clamp, connected by the connecting rod, closes to clamp the workpiece α. The temporarily assembled workpieces α and β are then transferred to the fixing process.
1. When the cylinder extends, the push rod moves down, causing the pivot rocker to rotate. This action opens the left and right pivot rockers to both sides, and the convex circle at the front of the push rod presses against the chuck inside the bearing, causing it to open.
2. When the cylinder retracts, the push rod moves up, causing the pivot rocker to rotate in the opposite direction. The outer chuck clamps the large material, while the convex circle at the front of the push rod moves away, allowing the inner chuck to clamp the material under the tension of the spring.
The diagram is only a reference in principle and provides a way of thinking. If design is required, it should be designed according to the specific situation.
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